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Hidden file and hidden directory
In computing, a hidden folder (sometimes hidden directory) or hidden file is a folder or file which filesystem utilities do not display by default when showing a directory listing. They are commonly used for storing user preferences or preserving the state of a utility, and are frequently created implicitly by using various utilities. They are not a security mechanism because access is not restricted - usually the intent is simply not "clutter" the display of the contents of a directory listing with files the user did not directly create.〔("What is a hidden file?" ), Microsoft.com〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sample .bashrc and .bash_profile Files )〕
== Unix and Unix-like environments ==
In Unix-like operating systems, any file or folder that starts with a dot character (for example, /home/user/.config), commonly called a dot file or dotfile, is to be treated as hidden – that is, the ls command does not display them unless the -a flag (ls -a) is used. In most command-line shells, wildcards will not match files whose names start with . unless the wildcard itself starts with an explicit . (although this is sometimes configurable; for example, the dotglob〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bash Reference Manual )〕 option in bash).
The notion that filenames preceded by a . should be hidden in Unix was probably an unintended consequence of trying to make ls not show . and ...〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A lesson in shortcuts. )〕
A convention arose of using dotfile in the user's home directory to store per-user configuration or informational text. Early uses of this were the well-known dotfiles .profile, .login, and .cshrc, which are configuration files for the Bourne shell and C shell and shells compatible with them, and .plan and .project, both used by the finger and name commands.〔One user could lookup another by using the command along with the username (and hostname if not on the local host), and the finger service would respond with the other user's current status, and the contents of the .plan and .project files in that user's $HOME folder.〕 Many applications, from bash to desktop environments such as GNOME now store their per-user configuration this way, but the Unix/Linux freedesktop.org ''XDG Base Directory Specification'' aims to migrate user config files from dotfiles in $HOME to non-hidden files in $HOME/.config - a hidden directory.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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